Understanding Anal Glands in Dogs
If you’re a dog owner, you might have come across the term “anal glands” and wondered, “What on earth are those?” Well, you’re not alone! Many pet parents don’t even realise their dogs have anal glands until there’s a problem.
Anal glands, also known as anal sacs, are two small glands located just inside your dog’s anus at roughly the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. These little sacs contain a strong-smelling fluid that is naturally released when your dog poos. The glands serve as a means of communication among canines—kind of like a smelly, natural doggy ID card!
In the wild, this scent-marking ability is essential for territorial behaviour and identification. However, in domesticated dogs, the glands sometimes don’t function as efficiently as nature intended. When the glands don’t empty properly, they can become impacted, inflamed, or even infected, leading to discomfort and potential complications.
This blog will explore why dogs’ anal glands get full, how to spot the signs that they need expressing, and why regular vet visits are a good idea.
Why Do Dogs’ Anal Glands Get Full?
Poor Diet & Soft Stools
A dog’s stool plays a crucial role in keeping their anal glands healthy. Ideally, every time your dog defecates, the pressure of passing a firm stool naturally expresses the glands, releasing the fluid.
However, if your dog’s poo is consistently too soft, small, or watery, the glands don’t receive enough pressure to empty naturally. This can lead to a build-up of fluid, which eventually becomes thick, making it harder to pass on its own.
Dogs fed a low-quality diet that lacks fibre or contains excessive fillers, artificial additives, and poor-quality proteins may be more prone to this issue.
Obesity & Lack of Exercise
Overweight dogs have a higher risk of anal gland problems because excess fat around their rear end can interfere with the natural gland-emptying process. Additionally, obesity often leads to a sedentary lifestyle, slowing digestion and contributing to soft stools.
Regular exercise plays an essential role in promoting healthy digestion, regular bowel movements, and firm stools that naturally express the anal glands.
Breed Predisposition
Certain breeds, particularly small and toy breeds, are more prone to anal gland issues than others. Breeds like:
• Chihuahuas
• Pugs
• Cocker Spaniels
• Dachshunds
• Shih Tzus
• French Bulldogs
…often suffer from anal gland dysfunction due to the small size of their glands or narrow gland ducts, making natural expression more difficult.
Allergies & Skin Sensitivities
Dogs with allergies—whether food allergies or environmental allergies—are more likely to experience chronic anal gland issues.
Why? Because inflammation affects all parts of the body, including the anal glands. Many dogs with allergies tend to lick, scratch, and experience recurrent ear infections or skin issues, which can also correlate with anal gland problems.
Common allergens that may contribute to anal gland issues include:
• Grains such as wheat, corn, and soy
• Dairy products
• Chicken or beef in some cases
• Artificial preservatives and colourings
Chronic Anal Gland Dysfunction
Some dogs simply have poorly functioning anal glands, either due to genetics, age, or underlying health conditions. These dogs may need routine gland expressions for the rest of their lives.
Signs That Your Dog’s Anal Glands Need Emptying
Scooting on the Floor
This is the most common and recognisable sign. If your dog suddenly starts dragging their bum across the floor, carpet, or grass, their anal glands might be full and causing discomfort.
Excessive Licking or Chewing at the Rear
If your dog is constantly licking, chewing, or biting their back end, they may be experiencing discomfort or irritation caused by full or impacted anal glands.
A Strong, Fishy Odour
Anal gland fluid has a very pungent, fishy smell. If your dog’s rear end suddenly starts smelling foul or if you notice an oily, smelly discharge on their bedding or your furniture, it’s time to check their glands!
Difficulty or Pain When Pooping
Straining to defecate, whining while pooping, or visible discomfort when passing stools could indicate swollen or blocked anal glands.
Redness, Swelling, or Lumps Near the Anus
If your dog’s anal area looks swollen, red, or has a noticeable lump, it could be a sign of impacted or infected glands, which require immediate vet attention.
What Happens If You Ignore Full Anal Glands?
If left untreated, full or impacted anal glands can lead to serious complications:
• Infections – Bacteria can multiply inside the glands, leading to painful swelling and pus-filled abscesses.
• Abscesses & Ruptures – A severe infection can cause the gland to burst, leading to an open wound that requires urgent veterinary care.
• Chronic Anal Gland Disease – Repeated infections can cause scarring and permanent damage to the gland, leading to long-term issues.
Why Regular Vet Visits Are Important
Seeing your vet regularly can help prevent anal gland problems before they escalate.
Professional Expressions Are Safer
While some groomers offer anal gland expressions, a veterinarian is the safest option, especially if your dog has recurring problems.
Early Detection of Infections
Vets can identify infections or abscesses early, preventing painful complications.
Preventing Chronic Issues
Routine check-ups and gland expressions can reduce the risk of long-term problems.
How to Prevent Anal Gland Problems at Home
• Feed a High-Fibre Diet – Fibre adds bulk to stools, helping naturally express the glands. Try adding pumpkin, carrots, or fibre supplements to their food.
• Keep Your Dog Hydrated – Dehydration can contribute to constipation and soft stools, making gland problems worse.
• Exercise Regularly – Daily walks and playtime promote digestion and healthy pooping habits.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight – Avoid obesity, which increases the risk of gland dysfunction.
• Monitor for Early Signs – Catching problems early prevents infections and costly vet visits.
Final Thoughts
Anal gland issues are common but treatable. By recognising the signs early and scheduling regular vet check-ups, you can keep your dog comfortable, healthy, and free from unnecessary pain.
If your dog has ever suffered from full or infected anal glands, it’s essential to stay proactive with their diet, exercise, and grooming routine. Your dog will thank you for it!